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Tibetan Buddhism 佛法於西藏雪域之弘揚

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发表于 2013-7-4 11:05:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Tibetan Buddhism



The propagation of Buddhism in Snowy Land Tibet: Pre-translation, Mid-translation, and Post-translation period.

(A) Pre-translation Period: Buddha has predicted “my teachings shall first be propagated in the North (that is the snowy land Tibet). The Dharma that was propagated in the pre-translation period is the teachings of the Nyingmapa. Padmasambhava was the lineage master of all these teaching,. Bodhisattva Khenpo Shantarakshita was the teacher that propagated these teachings, and King Thrisong Detsen was the protector of these teachings and gathered 108 Pandits to formulate the 4 classes of Vinaya, and the various Hinayana and Mahayana Sutra and Abhidharma. As for the Mahayana uncommon tantra scriptures, which include the tantra and its discourse, etc that were found in India, were translated into Tibetan. All the Sutrayana and Tantrayana, Mahayana and Hinayana teachings are all translated into Tibetan. As for the foundation of Buddhism, the Monastic Sangha, first there were seven probationers received monastic vows, and when the upholding of the vows were perfected, there were then many Tibetan received the monastic bhikshu vows and formed the monastic Sangha community. Thus, Buddhism was able to remain in Tibet. As for the Terma and Karma tantric lineages, due to the great intention of Padmasambhava, they were able to be propagated in the snowy land Tibet.

(B) Mid-translation Period: Uncommon Vajrayana Tantric scriptures include the tantra series, Guhyagarbha (Magical Net), and the Mind Class Tantra. All the tantric teachings were first transmitted from Padmasambhava to Nyab (Jnyanakumara), then to Nub (Nubchen Sang-gye Yeshe), and fell to Zur (Zurpoche). The lineages are as followed:

Nyab (Jnyanakumara) Lineage: Nyab was born in Shepa in the district of Yarlung. When he grew up, he received monastic ordination from Bodhisattva Shantarakshita and learned all the sutra and tantra teachings, involved in the translation of sutra and tantra texts, and received the oral instructions of Terma and Karma from Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra, Vairochana, and Yudra Nyingpo. Especially he received transmission of the mandala of Vajramirta, Nectar the Enlightened Attributes, from Padmasambhava for the ripening of his capacity. He then entered retreat in the Crystal Cave of Yarlung to practice the Mandala of the Yidam, and obtained attainment with the sign that the water spring forth from the Crystal Cave. When Vimalamitra returned from China to Tibet, he transmitted to him the practice of Vajrakilaya and the practice of Yamantaka. When he and other translators gathered at Lhodrag to propitiate Vajrakilaya, the purbas in the mandala arise up to the sky and fly to and fro, such was his sign of accomplishment of the wrathful practice of Vajrakilaya. Throughout his entire life, he showed many signs of accomplishments, and translated many sutra and tantra scriptures, and became a famous accomplished translator. He was also the lineage holder of the trilogy of the mDo, Gyu, Sem (mDo refers to the Sutra that Gathers All Intentions, Gyu refers to the Guhyagarbha (Magical Net) Tantra, and Sem refers to the Mind Class Tantra). And he greatly propagated these trilogy lineages of mDo, Gyu, Sem in the snowy land Tibet. Finally, he realised the great accomplishment through the Vajra Bridge of Aural Lineage and through teaching belonging to the Esoteric Instructional Class of the Great Perfection and entered into nirvana with his body vanished into a mass of light, the union of radiance and emptiness.

Nub (Nubchen Sang-gye Yeshe) Lineage: Nub’s father was Selwei Wangchug, and his mother was Chim-mo Trashi-Tsho. When he was 7 yearsold, he learned to read and write Tibetan language from Odran Palgyi Wangchug. Later he received 3 stages of monastic vows from Bodhisattva Shantarakshita. He also received the Eight Heruka Empowerment from Padmasambhava and actualised the signs of accomplishment. He then followed Master Vasudhara and received from him many root tantras and oral instructions, and he also received many empowerments and practice instructions of the mandala of the assembly of the secret mind of deities from Khenpo Chetsunkye of Drushi. When Nub was in Samye Monastery to translate the tantra with many of the other translators, he subdued many enemies of Buddhism with wrathful practice. In order to protect the Dharma, he introduced many wrathful Yamantaka practice from India, and also received from Padmasambhava many oral instructions in a five-spoke vajra cave located at the border between Tibet and Nepal. From Master Sogpo Palgyi Yeshe, he learned the Mind Class Tantra of the Great Perfection and Guhyagarbha Tantra. He practiced and accomplished at the charnel grounds and places where tigers appeared, and personally saw many meditation deities. Due to his powerful attainment, he subdued many spirits and worldly gods. He could not endure the suppression of the Dharma by Langdarma, he resolved to bring him to an end by means of wrathful practice. But when Langdarma was destroyed by Lhalung Paldorgyi, Nub concealed the wrathful practice as terma (hidden treasure), lest they be misused. Throughout his life, he propagated the lineage of the trilogy of mDo, Gyu, Sem. Finally he entered nirvana with a rainbow body, spontaneously accomplished by the path of the natural Great Perfection. His disciples include So Yeshe Wangchug, Pagor Lonchen-phag, Nganyon Tanchog, Suleg Paidronma, Yontan Gya-tsho, Yeshe Gyacho, and Lhaje Hung-chung. His lineage was the lineage of Nyab. Yeshe Jungne was the disciple of Yontan Gya-tsho and Yeshe Gyacho. Zurpoche was the disciple of Yeshe Jungne.

Zur (Zurpoche) Lineage: Zur was born in Kham region. His father is Zurzang Sherab Jungne and his mother is Dewacham. Since young he followed his father to learn how to read and write, and when he mastered these skills, he followed master Lachen Gongpa Rabsal and received the 3 stages of monastic ordination from him. He then followed his uncle Rinchen Gya-tsho to learn the science of logic, the five sciences of Buddhism, and the Outer and Inner Tantra and he mastered them. Zurpoche had many root gurus. He followed Yeshe Jungne to learn the Mind Class Tantra of the Great Perfection and Guhyagarbha Tantra. He learned Threg-chod (Cutting Through) and Thod-gal (Direct Crossing) from Master Dre Throchung. He also learned under Master Sonam Shakya many Yidams Practices from the Sutra that Gathers All Intentions. He received many oral instructions from many root gurus and he practiced and accomplished with many sign of attainments, thus, he became a siddha (accomplisher) who mastered the Tripitaka of all sutras and tantras. At the valley of Tanag in a cave facing east, which contains an owl’s nest, he practiced the nine-deity mandala of Yanggdag Heruka and actually beheld the visage and mandala of the deities. The site was later being built with a monastery and Zurpoche became famed everywhere as Lama Ugpalungpa, the “Guru of Owl Valley”. His lineage also has trained many distinguished accomplishers. Throughout his entire life, he often demonstrated miracle as a sign of his attainment, such as during the construction of a monastery where he made the uneven length of the pillars even by rolling them with his feet. This monastery was formed by Zurpoche Shakya Jungne, and Zurchung Sherab Dragpa established its system of practice. Zur Shakya Sengge (also known as Sangdag Drophugpa) propagated the teaching of this lineage. This monastery became a historical cause of the profundity of the lineage of Nyingmapa.

(C) Post-translation Period: Seventy years after the suppression of Dharma by Langdarma, three masters Mar, Yo, and Tsang came from Qinghai to Kham Region, together with a bhikshu from China, total four of them, bestowed the three stages of ordination vows to Lachen Gongpa Rabsal. Then Masters Mar, Yo, Tsang and Lachen Gongpa Rabsal bestowed the three stages of ordination vows to ten persons in the Central Tibet. Thus, the Dzogchen (Great Perfection) lineage of the “Monastery of Owl Valley” was transmitted from western Tibet to central Tibet. The three stages of ordination vows propagated in eastern Tibet and the Great Perfection Lineage propagated in western Tibet became the cause for the propagation of Buddhism in the Post-translation period. Tibetan King’s descendant Lhalama Yeshe-od invited India Pandit Dharmapala to bestow the three stages of ordination vows in Tibet, however, the lineage of this three stages of ordination vows was later broken. He then invited Pandits from Kashmir to bestow three stages of ordination vows in Tibet and this lineage was able to continue till this day without disruption. Because of the combination of two types of three stages ordination vows in Central Tibet, and also propagated in most places in snowy land Tibet, and thus became the cause for the wide spread of Buddhism in Tibet. However, the Dharma in Tibet was mixed with other kind of non-Buddhist teachings. In order to restore the Dharma to its purity state, the Tibetan King’s descendant Lhalama Yeshe-od and Jangchu-od sent translators to India’s Nalanda Monastic University to invite Arya Atisha. Lama Atisha in A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment taught the Lineage of Profound View of Bodhisattva Nagarjuna’s Madhyamika and the Lineage of Extensive Deeds of Six Perfections of Bodhisattva Asanga. The union of these two lineages was propagated in Tibet. Due to the difference in the period and region of transmission of the Dharma, Tibetan Buddhism developed into many difference lineages. The six main lineages are Nyingma, Gelug, Sakya, Kagyud, Jonang, and Zhijed. Among these many traditons, the most ancient lineage is the Nyingma lineage. And Nyingma lineage are subdivided into six sub-lineages, namely, Mindroling, Dorje Drag, Shechen, Dzogchen, Kathok, and Palyul. Among them only Palyul lineage possessed the profound dual lineages of the union of Sutra and Tantra and the union of Dzogchen (Great Perfection) and Mahamudra (Great Seal).
 楼主| 发表于 2013-7-4 11:07:45 | 显示全部楼层
(中文翻译参考)

佛法於西藏雪域之弘揚

前譯、中譯、後譯三個時期

一、 前譯期:在西藏雪域,佛陀曾預言說:我的教法會先弘揚於北北方(即西藏)。前譯期弘揚之佛法為寧瑪巴之教法,蓮師為當時一切教法的傳承祖師,菩提薩埵(寂護堪布)為弘法宣揚之教授,赤松德贊國王為護持佛法之施主,集合了一百零八位班智達,整理了四部律等律典及大小乘之經典與論典。至於大乘不共之密續,含密續及續論等,在印度有留存者均翻譯成藏文。舉凡顯密及大小乘一切佛法均齊備完整翻譯。至於佛教之根本-即僧眾方面,先有試驗性受戒僧七人,於受戒護持圓滿後,西藏才有多人廣受出家比丘戒律,並成立僧團,因此之故,佛法才能留駐於西藏。至於有關伏藏之密續及言傳之密續都是由於蓮師之願力而廣大弘揚於雪域西藏。

二、 中譯期:其不共金剛乘之密續有續經、大幻化網、心部密續。一切密續之法由蓮師傳授予娘(佳那古瑪拉),並次第傳予奴(奴千商傑耶喜),再傳予蘇(蘇波切)。其傳承分述如后:

(一) 娘(佳那古瑪拉)傳承:尊者出生於亞隆金山,長大後,由寂護菩薩親授三壇大戒,學習顯密一切佛法,也翻譯了顯密教法,跟隨蓮師、毘瑪拉、貝魯札那、于札寧波學習伏藏及言傳法之口訣。特別由蓮師親授甘露功德之本尊壇城灌頂,以成熟其根器。並於亞隆金山處閉關實修本尊壇城,得到成就,金山山洞泉水湧出,示現成就瑞兆。尊者另一位上師毘瑪拉,由中國返回西藏的時候,並特別傳授尊者普巴法門及雅曼塔卡本尊法門。尊者與許多譯師修行成就者聚集於洛札瓦處修持普巴法門時,於修持當中壇城示現出普巴杵躍升天空,飛來飛去之成就徵兆,為普巴本尊誅法之成就者。一生中並有許多成就徵兆故事,並翻譯了許多顯密之經續,因此成為著名的大成就譯師。同時也成為寧瑪巴洛、久、仙(洛:指經部密續;久:指大幻化網密續;仙:指大圓滿心部密續)法脈之傳承持有者。也將洛、久、仙法脈於雪域西藏廣大弘揚。尊者臨終時依口耳傳承金剛轎與大圓滿口訣部修法,於光明空性成就中涅槃。

(二) 奴(奴千商傑耶喜)傳承:尊者之父親,名奴、商傑旺秋,母名札西措,七歲時跟隨握增巴吉旺秋學習藏文讀寫,隨後跟隨寂護菩薩出家,由蓮師親傳八大嘿嚕嘎之灌頂,並修行成就。之後,跟隨哇斯達拉上師,由上師親授根本續及許多口訣。並由朱喜地方之堪布上師切尊傑處,接受集密意本尊壇城之灌頂及一切法門。尊者與許多譯師在桑耶寺翻譯密續時候,當時出現了許多謗佛者,均依誅法予以降服。為了保護佛法,並從印度取得許多亞曼達嘎忿怒本尊之法門,並於藏地及尼泊爾邊界的一個五股金剛杵山洞中,跟隨蓮師學習許多口訣。在梭波巴吉耶喜上師處,學習大圓滿心部密續及大幻化網密續。在屍陀林及老虎出沒處修行成就,並親見許多本尊。由於修行成就之力量強大,故有許多非人及世間神鬼均被降服。尤其對於朗達瑪消滅佛法之災禍,心生無法容忍,故思以誅法加以消弭。唯後來見到拉隆巴傑已剷除了朗達瑪,為恐誅法不慎流傳到世間被誤用,乃將此誅法加以伏藏保護。一生中並將洛、久、仙法脈弘揚光大,最後並於大圓滿任運光明中,成就虹光身涅槃。其弟子:有索、耶些旺秋、巴哥隆巴、安元殿秋、蘇雷貝卓瑪、元殿將措、伊謝將措、拉傑吽。其傳承為娘之傳承。元殿將措及伊些將措之弟子為耶謝涅,耶謝涅的弟子為蘇波切。

(三) 蘇(蘇波切)傳承:尊者出生於康區,父名蘇商謝拉涅,母名德瓦將。從小跟隨父親之教授,學習經文讀寫,圓滿學習之後,又隨拉千躬巴拉薩上師,親授三壇大戒。復跟隨其叔叔仁千將措學習因明學、五明佛學及外內密續,均學習圓滿。蘇波切尊者有許多根本上師,例如跟隨耶謝涅學習大圓滿心印傳承與大幻化網密續;跟隨則措上師學習立斷與頓超法門;跟隨索南夏加上師學習躬巴都巴(經集密意)本尊法門。由許多根本上師給予口訣並實修成就,示現許多成就徵兆,成為一位精通一切經續之三藏成就師。並於達那山區面向東方,有許多貓頭鷹之鳥窩聚集的山洞裡閉關實修九清淨本尊(楊達九本尊)之法門,親見本尊壇城。該修行處後來蓋有寺廟,後來人們稱尊者為貓頭鷹山區之上師。其傳承中亦培養出許多傑出成就者。尊者一生經常示現許多修行成就的神通徵兆,例如在建築寺廟的過程當中,施工的木材有需要進一步加工修整時,尊者乃用腳底將木材加以搓動,木材隨即完成修整。該寺廟為蘇波切與釋迦涅所創建,並由協喇札巴上師建立了修行制度,釋迦商給(或名商達著普巴)將其傳承教法弘揚光大。該寺廟為寧瑪巴殊勝傳承之歷史發源地。


三、後譯期:朗達瑪滅佛法七十年之後,瑪、有、昌等三位上師由青海回到康區,加上來自中國的一位出家比丘,共四位,給予拉千躬巴拉薩三壇大戒之教授。瑪、有、昌三位上師與拉千躬巴拉薩共四位上師,於藏區中部再給十位比丘授三壇大戒。因此,貓頭鷹山區寺廟之大圓滿法脈乃由後藏傳入中藏,前藏所弘傳之三壇大戒與後藏弘揚之大圓滿法脈,二者促成了後譯期佛教在西藏開始弘揚光大的緣起。藏王後代拉喇瑪.耶喜歐迎接了印度班智達達瑪巴拉於西藏傳三壇大戒,唯此三壇大戒之傳承不久即中斷。後來乃迎請克什米爾之班智達來西藏傳三壇大戒,迄今此傳承從未衰損,仍然源源不斷地流傳著。由於前後二種三壇大戒之傳承融合於中藏之後,並向雪域西藏四面八方傳揚開來,造成了西藏佛法廣傳。之後,有一時期西藏佛法曾摻有許多不如法之教法,藏王後代拉喇瑪.耶喜歐與蔣秋峨二人,為了使西藏佛法回復到往昔的清淨,乃先後令譯師到印度那爛陀寺佛學院迎請阿底峽尊者,阿底峽尊者乃於菩提道燈論中教授:1.龍樹菩薩深奧中觀之教授及;2.無著菩薩廣大行為中修六度之法,二者相融教授法門弘傳於西藏。後來西藏弘傳之佛法,由於弘傳的時代與地區不同的關係,乃有各種傳承派系的分別。主要有:1.寧瑪巴;2.格魯巴;3.薩迦巴;4.噶舉巴;5.覺襄巴;6.希結巴等六大教派。此許多教派中,歷史最悠久之傳承為寧瑪巴傳承。而寧瑪巴傳承又可分為:1.敏卓林;2.多杰札;3.協千;4.卓千;5.噶陀;6.白玉等六種傳承。其中白玉傳承具有顯密雙修,及大圓滿大手印雙修之雙重雙修殊勝傳承。
发表于 2013-7-7 22:36:08 | 显示全部楼层
随喜师兄的分享!顶礼各位大成就者!!!
今生得此暇满人身,又有幸值遇殊胜佛法与善知识,倍感幸运并努力珍惜!
发表于 2013-7-11 09:17:13 | 显示全部楼层
哈哈  差点看不懂 一看后面还有汉字,感谢师兄分享。今生得此暇满人身,又有幸值遇殊胜佛法与善知识,倍感幸运并努力珍惜!
发表于 2013-7-11 09:17:48 | 显示全部楼层
哈哈  差点看不懂 一看后面还有汉字,感谢师兄分享。今生得此暇满人身,又有幸值遇殊胜佛法与善知识,倍感幸运并努力珍惜!
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